K`%‹SÀ‹SÐ @@@ @@@@ÿÿÿÿ0¸gl1\‹SŠ‹ÌÌ EN DB      & ./? ÿA ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ, %logy of Expertise: Cognitive Research and Empirical AI $Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.233-244BF 378.E94.P77öCharness, Neil 1991B<Expertise in chess: the balance between knowledge and search (!Ericsson, K. Anders Smith, Jacquie*$Toward a General Theory of Expertise Cambridge University Press 39-63BF 431.T69 1991 ºs Smith, Jacquie*$Toward a General Theory of Expertise Cambridge University Press 39-63BF 431.T69 1991 ÌÌGŠ1998Ì 2003Ì! Adelson1984 Allard1991Ì Allard19966 Anzai1991"Barfield1997ÌBereiter19919 Biolsi1991Ì Brown1992Campbell1992ÌCharness1991ÌCharness1996Ì Chase1973 Chen19888 Cheung1988Ì$ Curtis1988Ì Davies1994Ì Deakin19966 DiBello1992Ericsson1991Ì Ericsson1993Ì Ericsson1996Ì Fix1993  Foley1992 Groen1991# Guerin1990Ì Hart19922 Hayes1996 Hesketh1994 Hodges19966  Holmes1996Ì  Howe1996Ì$ Iscoe1988 Kanavaros1994 Kaufman1996KHesketh19944 Krampe19939 Krampe19969$ Krasner1988 Kremer-Hayon1991Ì Larkin1980Ì Mack1992Ì Madger19966#Matthews1990Ì Mayer1993 Mayr19969 McDermott1980 Olson1991% Palumbo1990 Patel1991 Patel1996Robinson1992ÌRobinson19944 Scardamalia1991 Scholtz1993 Simon1973 Simon1980 Simon1980Simonton1996Ì Sloboda1991 Sloboda1996 Smith1991 Stanislaw1994 Starkes1991 Starkes1996 Tan1997  Tesche-Ršmer1993Ì Wiedenbeck1991Ì Wiedenbeck1993Ì Wong1988Ì Authors?Journals Keywords                               ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ T‹ Ð? Adelson, Beth Allard, FranÌAnzai, YuichiroÌÌBarfield, WoodrowBereiter, CarlÌÌÌBiolsi, Kevin J.ÌBoroditsky, LeraÌBrown, Norman R.ÌCampbell, Robert L.ÌÌCharness, NeilÌÌÌChase, William G.Chen, Hsuan-ChihÌ Cheung, HimÌÌ Curtis, BillÌDavies, Simon P.ÌDeakin, Janice M.DiBello, Lia A.ÌÌEricsson, K. AndersÌÌ Fix, VikkiÌÌÌFoley, Miche‡lÌÌÌ Groen, Guy J.Guerin, BernardÌÌ Hart, AnnaÌÌÌ Hayes, AprilÌ Hesketh, TimÌHodges, Nicola J.Hoffman, Robert R.ÌÌÌHolmes, Frederic L.ÌÌHowe, Michael J.A.ÌÌÌ Iscoe, NeilÌÌKanavaros, SylviaKaufman, David R.KHesketh, BerylÌÌKrampe, Ralf Th.Ì Krasner, HerbKremer-Hayon, L.Ì Larkin, JillÌ Mack, RobertÌMadger, Sheldon A.ÌÌÌ Marsh, BethÌÌMatthews, AnthonyMayer, Richard E. Mayr, UlrichÌMcDermott, JohnÌÌOlson, Judith ReitmanPalumbo, David B.Patel, Vimla L.ÌÌRobinson, Jill BurdettÌÌÌ Robinson, KenScardamalia, MarleneÌ Scholtz, JeanSimon, Dorothea P.ÌÌÌSimon, Herbert A.Simonton, Dean KeithÌ Sloboda, JohnSloboda, John A.Ì Smith, JacquiStanislaw, HaroldStarkes, Janet L.Tan, Steven K.S.ÌTesche-Ršmer, ClemensWiedenbeck, Susan Wong, Siu-Yee  ð1988ÌAmerican ScientistÌÌÌCommunications of the ACM4/International Journal of Human-Computer StudiesÌÌ0,International Journal of Man-Machine StudiesÌHBJournal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and CognitionÌÌÌ Journal of General Psychology83Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and DanceÌÌJournal of Psychology Perceptual and Motor SkillsÌÌPsychological ReviewÌ$Review of Educational ResearchÌÌÌScience, New SeriesÌÌ$Teaching and Teacher EducationÌÌÌ    Òô¤˜Œô¤ÎZxä„%´ÈDæHALarkin, Jill McDermott, John Simon, Dorothea P. Simon, Herbert A.e 1980@9Expert and novice performance in solving physics problems\Science, New Seriesl 208 4450 1335-1342  June 20, 1980 *#Mack, Robert Robinson, Jill Burdett 1992jdWhen novices elicit knowledge: question asking in designing, evaluating and learning to use software Hoffman, Robert R.F@The Psychology of Expertise: Cognitive Research and Empirical AI $Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.233-244BF 378.E94.P77Mayer, Richard E.r 1993`YToward a unified theory of problem solving: views from the content domains (book reviews)d$American Journal of Psychology 106 1132-133e,&Olson, Judith Reitman Biolsi, Kevin J. 19912,Techniques for representing expert knowledge (!Ericsson, K. Anders Smith, Jacquin*$Toward a General Theory of Expertise Cambridge University Press240-285 BF 431.T69 1991ÿPalumbo, David B.D 1990PJProgramming language/problem-solving research: A review of relevant issues$Review of Educational Research601 65-89t$Patel, Vimla L. Groen, Guy J. 1991LEThe general and specific nature of medical expertise: a critical looke (!Ericsson, K. Anders Smith, Jacqui\*$Toward a General Theory of Expertise Cambridge University Press 93-125BF 431.T69 1991a:4Patel, Vimla L. Kaufman, David R. Madger, Sheldon A. 1996JDThe Acquisition of Medical Expertise in Complex Dynamic Environments Ericsson, K. AndersrnhThe Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences, Sports and Games Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 (!Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.127-166BF378.E94R63 19963*#Scardamalia, Marlene Bereiter, Carl\ 1991Literate expertise (!Ericsson, K. Anders Smith, Jacqui*$Toward a General Theory of Expertise Cambridge University Press172-194BF 431.T69 1991*#Simon, Herbert A. Chase, William G. 1973Skill in chessAmerican Scientist61394-403aSimonton, Dean Keith 1996@9Creative Expertise: A Life-Span Developmental Perspective Ericsson, K. AndersfnhThe Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences, Sports and Games Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 (!Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.189-226BF378.E94R63 1996c Sloboda, JohnP 1991Musical expertiser (!Ericsson, K. Anders Smith, Jacqui0*$Toward a General Theory of Expertise Cambridge University Press153-171BF 431.T69 1991 Sloboda, John A. 1996Ž‡The Acquisition of Musical Performance Expertise: Deconstructing the "Talent" Account of Individual Differences in Musical Expressivity. Ericsson, K. Anders nhThe Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences, Sports and Games Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 (!Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.107-126BF378.E94R63 1996TNStanislaw, Harold Khesketh, Beryl Kanavaros, Sylvia Hesketh, Tim Robinson, Ken 1994@:A note on the quantification of computer programming skill6/International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 4135351-362ÿVOStarkes, Janet L. Deakin, Janice M. Allard, Fran Hodges, Nicola J. Hayes, Aprilr 199681Deliberate Practice in Sports: What is It Anyway? Ericsson, K. AndersonhThe Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences, Sports and Games Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 (!Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 81-106BF378.E94R63 1996Tan, Steven K.S. 1997 The elements of expertise;:3Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dancer682f 30-33 Wiedenbeck, Susane 19910*The initial stage of program comprehension2,International Journal of Man-Machine Studies354d517-540e0*Wiedenbeck, Susan Fix, Vikki Scholtz, Jean 1993hbCharacteristics of the mental representations of novice and expert programmers: An empirical study2,International Journal of Man-Machine Studies395 793-8120*Wong, Siu-Yee Cheung, Him Chen, Hsuan-Chih 1988\VThe advanced programmer's reliance on program semantics: Evidence from cognitive tasksJournal of Psychologyt334g259-268p @ €% !"$  # %ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ„€ÿÿÿüÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÿÿÿÿvÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌChen, Hsuan-ChihÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ | N#à  h ÔÀ$¼ºö,"Îö!Þ zj 1998 Cognitive Psychology Notes>8http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~lera/cogpsych/expert.html 20036/"The Fundamental Rules" of Software Engineering\82http://www.ics.uci.edu/~emilyo/SimSE/se_rules.html Adelson, Beth 1984XRWhen Novices Surpass Experts: The Difficulty of a Task May Increase With ExpertiseHBJournal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition103t483-495:$Allard, Fran Starkes, Janet L. 1991>7Motor-skill experts in sports, dance, and other domains (!Ericsson, K. Anders Smith, Jacquil*$Toward a General Theory of Expertise Cambridge University Press126-152 BF 431.T69 1991Anzai, Yuichiroe 1991@9Learning and use of representations for physics expertise (!Ericsson, K. Anders Smith, Jacquie*$Toward a General Theory of Expertise Cambridge University Press 64-92BF 431.T69 1991 Barfield, Woodrow 1997`ZSkilled performance on software as a function of domain expertise and program organization"Perceptual and Motor Skills85 3 (Part 2) 1471-1480 :4Campbell, Robert L. Brown, Norman R. DiBello, Lia A. 1992BA field study of the software design process for large systems Communications of the ACMt3111 1268-1287-Davies, Simon P. 1994JDKnowledge restructuring and the acquisition of programming expertise6/International Journal of Human-Computer Studies\404\703-726n(!Ericsson, K. Anders Smith, Jacquil 1991PIProspects and limits of the empirical study of expertise: an introductiono (!Ericsson, K. Anders Smith, Jacqui\*$Toward a General Theory of Expertise Cambridge University Press 1-38BF 431.T69 1991ÿ@:Ericsson, K. Anders Krampe, Ralf Th. Tesche-Ršmer, Clemens 1993NHThe Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert PerformancePsychological Review 100}3c363-406Ericsson, K. Anderst 1996RLThe Acquisition of Expert Performance: An Introduction to Some of the Issues Ericsson, K. Anders nhThe Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences, Sports and Games Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 (!Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 1-50BF378.E94R63 1996 Foley, Miche‡l Hart, Anna\ 1992:3Expert-novice differences and knowledge elicitationt Hoffman, Robert R.F@The Psychology of Expertise: Cognitive Research and Empirical AI $Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.233-244ÿBF 378.E94.P77(!Guerin, Bernard Matthews, Anthony 1990haThe Effects of Semantic Complexity on Expert and Novice Computer Program Recall and Comprehensione$Journal of General Psychologyc 117 4 379-389Holmes, Frederic L.H 19964-Expert Performance and the History of Science Ericsson, K. AnderscnhThe Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences, Sports and Games Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 (!Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.313-320BF378.E94R63 1996eHowe, Michael J.A. 1996d]The Childhoods and Early Lives of Geniuses: Combining Psychological and Biographical Evidencer Ericsson, K. Anders{nhThe Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences, Sports and Games Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 (!Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.255-270BF378.E94R63 1996FKremer-Hayon, L. 1991f_The stories of expert and novice teachers/supervisors: Perspectives on professional developmentu$Teaching and Teacher Education7E427-438